Sequential analysis of the effects of naltrexone on the environmental meditation of self-injurious behavior.

Accumulated evidence shows that biology and the environment can mediate self-injurious behavior (SIB) in persons with mental retardation. Whether pharmacological treatment alters the environmental mediation of self-injury is unclear. Opioid antagonist effects on sequential dependencies for self-injury were studied in the context of experimental single-subject double-blind placebo-controlled designs. Direct observational data were collected for 4 adult subjects in real time on daily rate of SIB and staff interactions. Clinically significant reductions (i.e., ≥ 33%) in SIB rate were observed for 3 of the 4 subjects. For all subjects, the magnitude of the sequential dependency between staff behavior and self-injury was significantly greater during treatment with naltrexone than during treatment with a placebo. Results are discussed in relation to behavioral mechanisms of action regulating medication effects for self-injury. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multi-storey timber buildings: breaking industry path dependency

The Swedish legal restriction on construction of multi-storey timber buildings was imposed in 1888 and repealed in 1994. The subsequent emergence of such a timber building system in Sweden is analysed in the context of the existing concrete-based construction system. The characteristics of the construction industry and its path dependency over the past century hamper the development of a timber building system. However, government policies and funding, the wood industry's interest in an enhanced market for value-added wood products, and involvement of the wood research community has helped develop such a construction system. Investments in knowledge creation, incentives for the entry of new firms, and increased prefabrication may facilitate a transition from this formative phase to a growth phase in the diffusion of timber buildings.

En Suède, les restrictions juridiques frappant la construction de bâtiments en bois de plusieurs étages ont été édictées en 1888 et annulées en 1994. L'auteur analyse l'arrivée résultante d'un tel système de construction en bois en Suède face à la construction en béton qui existe actuellement. Les caractéristiques de l'industrie du bâtiment et sa dépendance au chemin au cours du siècle dernier empêchent le développement d'un système de construction en bois. Toutefois, les politiques officielles et les financements ainsi que les intérêts de l'industrie du bois dans un marché amélioré pour des produits en bois à valeur ajoutée et l'engagement des chercheurs dans le domaine du bois ont aidé à développer un tel système de construction. Les investissements dans la création du savoir, les incitations à l'arrivée de nouvelles entreprises et l'augmentation de la préfabrication peuvent faciliter le passage de cette phase de formation à une phase de croissance à la diffusion des bâtiments en bois.

Mots clés: système d'innovation, restriction, bâtiments de plusieurs étages, dépendance au chemin, systèmes technologiques, charpente en bois, bâtiments en bois, Suède     

Continuity and change in interorganizational project practices: The Dutch shipbuilding industry, 1950–2010

The Dutch shipbuilding industry has a longstanding tradition in project-based production. Recently, industry actors have acknowledged a serious misfit between interorganizational project practices, defined as behaviors related to collaboration, and interorganizational project demands, defined as environmental conditions. This misfit leads to a weaker competitive position due to higher communication and production costs, and longer production times. However, the causes of this misfit remain unclear. Among project researchers there is a growing awareness that history has a major influence on contemporary practices in interorganizational projects, suggesting that some of the causes of the present-day misfit may be rooted in the past. This paper studies historical developments of interorganizational project practices in Dutch shipbuilding projects, in order to understand to what extent contemporary misfit in project practices is rooted in the past and results from path dependencies and lock-ins. We answer the following research question: How did interorganizational project practices and demands in the Dutch shipbuilding industry develop between 1950 and 2010 and to what extent do these developments help us understand the current misfit between project practices and demands? Our results show that a web of self-reinforcing mechanisms at least partially explains the current misfit in the Dutch shipbuilding industry. This paper answers to the conceptual call by Sydow et al. (2009) and supplements path dependence literature by showing that self-reinforcing mechanisms causing path dependence can be separated analytically, but are intertwined empirically.     

基于测试性设计特性的样本量确定方法

针对测试性验证试验方法的局限性,提出了一种新的故障样本量的确定方法。根据系统的测试性特性,建立单元、功能、性能和测试之间的相关矩阵;选择相关矩阵的列权值最大的列删减单元功能相关矩阵和功能性能相关矩阵,依次遍历完所有列,获取样本和样本数量;利用实例进行了验证,结果表明：计算过程简单,结果更符合实际系统测试性验证试验对于样本量的要求。     

受拉加载方向变化对Kaiser效应点准确度的影响

基于Kaiser效应由裂纹扩展释放弹性波产生的认识,依据断裂力学理论就加载方向变化对Kaiser效应的影响进行分析。研究了远场应力为拉应力时,二维Ⅰ,Ⅱ型混合裂纹扩展的临界应力相对值、FR比值与加载方向偏转角之间的关系。结果表明：加载方向对Kaiser效应点反应岩石记忆先期荷载值的准确度有较大影响,其变化大小与临界应力相对值正相关。若第一次加载方向与裂纹面垂直,偏转角度从0°~90°变化,裂纹扩展临界应力相对值和FR比值均不断增大。偏转角为0°~20°时,FR比值变化范围为1~1.1,Kaiser效应点记忆较为准确,但第二方向所记忆的荷载并非该方向的正应力值。偏转角为90°时,临界应力相对值和FR比值均趋近于无穷大,裂纹在该裂纹面方向上不能发展,说明Kaiser效应消失。这与部分学者的试验结果一致,说明此类劈裂试验中Kaiser效应的产生,裂纹扩展是主要原因,也在某种程度上解释了该类试验加载方向偏转角度越大,Kaiser效应越来越不明显的问题。     

Mapping streaming applications on multiprocessors with time-division-multiplexed network-on-chip

This paper addresses mapping of streaming applications (such as MPEG) on multiprocessor platforms with time-division-multiplexed network-on-chip. In particular, we solve processor selection, path selection and router configuration problems. Given the complexity of these problems, state of the art approaches in this area largely rely on greedy heuristics, which do not guarantee optimality. Our approach is based on a constraint programming formulation that merges a number of steps, usually tackled in sequence in classic approaches. Thus, our method has the potential of finding optimal solutions with respect to resource usage under throughput constraints. The experimental evaluation presented in here shows that our approach is capable of exploring a range of solutions while giving the designer the opportunity to emphasize the importance of various design metrics.     

多标记分类和标记相关性的联合学习

提出了多标记分类和标记相关性的联合学习(JMLLC),在JMLLC中,构建了基于类别标记变量的有向条件依赖网络,这样不仅使得标记分类器之间可以联合学习,从而增强各个标记分类器的学习效果,而且标记分类器和标记相关性可以联合学习,从而使得学习得到的标记相关性更为准确.通过采用两种不同的损失函数:logistic回归和最小二乘,分别提出了JMLLC-LR(JMLLC with logistic regression)和JMLLC-LS(JMLLC with least squares),并都拓展到再生核希尔伯特空间中.最后采用交替求解的方法求解JMLLC-LR和JMLLC-LS.在20个基准数据集上基于5种不同的评价准则的实验结果表明,JMLLC优于已提出的多标记学习算法.     

Lerisk－i*框架自动建模与编辑工具介绍

在需求工程中,基于主体的i*建模框架(主要包括策略依赖模型及策略推理模型)已经成为最常用的早期需求建模与分析的工具之一,而且关于i*建模框架的编辑工具开发也有很多相关的研究工作。然而现有的这些工具往往只提供诸如模型图编辑、存储等基本功能,而笔者需要在需求工程小组的项目中为对需求文本进行建模的结果进行模型可视化,同时提供编辑存储及自动布局功能,并开发出新的基于i*建模框架的工具。文中首先对主流的i*建模工具进行了调研,研究了建模工具的基本功能,同时分析了其功能的不足点,在此基础上提出了新工具设计的功能补充点;然后对i*框架的布局问题进行介绍并详细描述了其自动布局算法的实现,给出了可视化工具的详细设计;最后在此工具的基础上,进行了实际需求文本的建模及模型编辑功能的实验,并将此工具与主流工具的功能进行对比,以展示本工具的功能特点。     

最小相关性最大依赖度属性约简

在经典粗糙集中,基于重要度的决策表属性约简算法只考虑了决策属性与条件属性之间的依赖度,没有考虑约简中条件属性之间的相关性,由此求出的约简中可能依然包含冗余属性。针对这一问题,提出了一种改进算法,它利用最小相关性和最大依赖度准则求决策表属性约简。与基于重要度的决策表属性约简算法相比,本算法求出的约简包含的属性个数少、冗余小。实验结果显示,本算法优于基于重要度的决策表属性约简算法。     

判定粗糙XML函数依赖的一种算法

为了刻画和处理不确定XML数据,利用粒计算方法研究粗糙XML树信息系统中粗糙XML函数依赖的判定问题。基于粗糙集给出粗糙XML树信息系统的上近似、下近似的定义,借助粗糙相似关系进一步给出粗糙XML函数依赖;分析如何利用位模式表示粗糙XML树信息系统中的信息值;提出粗糙XML树信息系统中路径间的依赖关系的判定算法,并对算法的时间复杂性进行了分析。实例分析表明,信息值采用位模式时,数据格式更接近机器的内部表示,该方法可以快速判定粗糙XML函数依赖,算法的运算效率与速度也得到了提高。